Retrospective and prospective assessment of butorphanol, azaperone and medetomidine (BAM™) for immobilisation of feral horses (Equus ferus caballus).

Julie A BalkoCallie FogleSusan J StuskaJonathan E FogleLysa P Posner

Published in: Equine veterinary journal (2021)

Intramuscular BAM™ with iv ketamine provided chemical restraint suitable for field castration of feral horses with no mortality. Hypoxaemia occurred in the majority of horses.

Keyphrases

cardiovascular events
cross sectional
pain management
risk factors
type diabetes
cardiovascular disease
stress induced
coronary artery disease
chronic pain