Determination of the Synthetic Antioxidant Ethoxyquin and Its Metabolites in Fish and Fishery Products Using Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection and Stable-Isotope Dilution Analysis-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
Andreas KranawetvoglPaul W ElsinghorstPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2019)
The use of the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin (1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, EQ) as a flame retardant in fish meal transported by sea is required by international authorities to prevent self-ignition. Because of extensive carry-over within the food chain, selective and sensitive analytical methods are required for investigations on human exposure and the safety of EQ and its metabolites. Therefore, a simple, fast, and rugged liquid-chromatography (LC) method was developed for the detection of EQ and its metabolites in fish and fishery products after liquid-liquid extraction using QuEChERS. For screening purposes, a fluorescence detector was used (LC-FLD) with the EQ-analogue methoxyquin serving as an internal standard. For stable-isotope dilution analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SIDA-LC-MS/MS), deuterated analogues of EQ and its metabolites were synthesized for the first time and allowed for sensitive quantification and thus confirmation of screening results. Both methods were validated and successfully applied to commercially available fish samples.
Keyphrases
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- simultaneous determination
- liquid chromatography
- solid phase extraction
- ms ms
- tandem mass spectrometry
- mass spectrometry
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- high performance liquid chromatography
- gas chromatography
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- molecularly imprinted
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- single molecule
- endothelial cells
- oxidative stress
- anti inflammatory
- magnetic resonance
- high resolution
- magnetic resonance imaging
- computed tomography
- human health
- label free
- real time pcr
- climate change