Contributions of viscosity and friction properties to oral and haptic texture perception of iced coffees.

Creaminess is affected by bulk properties (i.e. viscosity) and surfaces properties (i.e. friction). This study aimed (i) to assess contributions of viscosity and friction properties to creaminess, thickness and slipperiness perception; and (ii) to compare oral and haptic thickness and slipperiness perception of iced coffees. Three iced coffees differing in viscosity and friction properties were prepared: low viscosity - high friction (LV-HF); low viscosity - low friction (LV-LF) and high viscosity - low friction (HV-LF) iced coffee. Viscosity of iced coffees was adjusted by addition of maltodextrin, and viscosity of HV-LF was 2.5 times higher than that of LV-HF and LV-LF (10 vs. 4 mPa s at 100 s-1). Friction coefficients of LV-LF were reduced by addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mw 6000), and were up to 25% lower than those of LV-HF. Forty-seven untrained panellists (18-27 years) performed two-alternative forced choice (2-AFC) and rank-rating tests to compare creaminess by oral assessment, and thickness and slipperiness by oral and haptic assessment. Results from 2-AFC and rank-rating congruently showed that HV-LF was creamier, thicker and more slippery than LV-HF and LV-LF, both orally and haptically. LV-LF was orally perceived as less creamy and less thick, but haptically as more slippery than LV-HF. Creaminess was more strongly correlated to thickness than to slipperiness. Oral and haptic evaluation of thickness was congruent, whereas differences between oral and haptic slipperiness evaluation were product-dependent. We conclude that increasing viscosity enhances creaminess, whereas increasing lubrication is not necessarily sufficient to increase creaminess in iced coffees.