Environmental factors in non-syndromic orofacial clefts: A review based on meta-analyses results.
José SuazoPublished in: Oral diseases (2021)
Non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) are prevalent birth defects with a complex etiology where several interacting genetic and environmental factors have been observed. This narrative review describes maternal exposures that have been significantly associated with protective effects or risk factors. The statistically significant information reported here was found in meta-analysis studies, taking advantage of their precision in defining intervention effects and their management of heterogeneity between studies. In addition, I propose a hypothesis explaining the biological basis for the results of the meta-analyses. This review aims to improve the evidence available in parent counseling, to prevent the occurrence of orofacial clefts by suggesting lifestyle changes.
Keyphrases
- meta analyses
- systematic review
- randomized controlled trial
- risk factors
- intellectual disability
- case control
- risk assessment
- physical activity
- cardiovascular disease
- air pollution
- type diabetes
- single cell
- autism spectrum disorder
- pregnant women
- birth weight
- genome wide
- smoking cessation
- copy number
- gestational age
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv testing