Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor-Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO 2 Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance.
Maria SchröderJanne Elin ReselandHåvard Jostein HaugenPublished in: Cells (2022)
Combining biomaterial scaffolds with cells serves as a promising strategy for engineering critical size defects; however, homogenous cellular growth within large scaffolds is challenging. Mechanical stimuli can enhance bone regeneration by modulating cellular growth and differentiation. Here, we compare dynamic seeding in a perfusion flow bioreactor with static seeding for a synthetic bone scaffold for up to 21 days using the cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary human osteoblast, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The secretion of bone-related proteins was quantified using multiplex immunoassays. Dynamic culture improved cellular distribution through the TiO 2 scaffold and induced a five-fold increase in cell number after 21 days. The relative mRNA expression of osteopontin of MC3T3-E1 was 40-fold enhanced after 7 and 21 days at a flow rate of 0.08 mL/min, and that of collagen type I alpha I expression was 18-fold after 21 days. A flow rate of 0.16 mL/min was 10-fold less effective. Dynamic culture increased the levels of dickkopf-related protein 1 (60-fold), osteoprotegrin (29-fold), interleukin-6 (23-fold), interleukin-8 (36-fold), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (28-fold) and vascular endothelial growth factor (6-fold) in the medium of primary human osteoblasts after 21 days compared to static seeding. The proposed method may have clinical potential for bone tissue engineering.
Keyphrases
- tissue engineering
- bone regeneration
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- bone mineral density
- poor prognosis
- cell cycle arrest
- high throughput
- high resolution
- oxidative stress
- quantum dots
- single cell
- high glucose
- optical coherence tomography
- magnetic resonance imaging
- soft tissue
- climate change
- bone loss
- cell therapy
- contrast enhanced
- electron microscopy