The 2022 European Postgraduate (Residency) Program in Neurology in an historical and international perspective.

Neurology residency programs, which were first established at the beginning of the 20 th century, have become mandatory all over Europe in the last 40-50 years. The first European Training Requirements in Neurology (ETRN) were published in 2005 and first updated in 2016. The new (2022) ETRN suggests a 5-year training subdivided in three phases: a first phase (2 years) of general neurology training, a second phase (2 years) of training in neurophysiology/neurological subspecialties, and a third phase (1 year) to expand clinical training (e.g. in other neurodisciplines) or for research (path for clinical neuroscientist). The necessary theoretical and clinical competencies as well as learning objectives in diagnostic test have been updated, are newly organized in 4 levels and include 19 neurological subspecialties. Finally, the new ETRN require, in addition to a program director, a team of clinician-educators who regularly review the resident's progress. The 2022 update of the ETRN reflects emerging requirements for the practice of neurology and contribute to the international standardization of training necessary for the increasing needs of residents and specialists across Europe.