Dual Beneficial Effects of α-Spinasterol Isolated from Aster pseudoglehnii on Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells.
Dahae LeeJi-Young KimHak-Cheol KwonJaeyoung KwonDae-Sik JangKi Sung KangPublished in: Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Herein, we determined whether α-Spinasterol, a stigmastane-type phytosterol isolated from Aster pseudoglehnii , potentially impacts glucose uptake and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in skeletal muscle cells and pancreatic β-cells, respectively. We observed that A. pseudoglehnii and its fractions enhanced glucose uptake, with no toxic effects on C2C12 cells, with the n -hexane fraction exhibiting the most potent effect. α-Spinasterol, isolated from the n -hexane fraction, enhanced glucose uptake with no toxic effects on C2C12 cells. Additionally, α-Spinasterol increased the expression of associated proteins, including insulin receptor substrate-1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and glucose transporter type 4, as determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, α-Spinasterol enhanced insulin secretion in response to high glucose concentrations, with no toxic effects on INS-1 cells; this effect was superior to that demonstrated by gliclazide (positive control), commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). α-Spinasterol enhanced the expression of associated proteins, including insulin receptor substrate-2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, as determined using Western blotting. The insulin secretory effect of α-Spinasterol was enhanced by a K + channel blocker and L-type Ca 2+ channel agonist and was suppressed by a K + channel activator and L-type Ca 2+ channel blocker. α-Spinasterol isolated from A. pseudoglehnii may improve hyperglycemia by improving glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells and enhancing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Accordingly, α-Spinasterol could be a potential candidate for anti-T2D therapy.
Keyphrases
- induced apoptosis
- type diabetes
- cell cycle arrest
- skeletal muscle
- stem cells
- signaling pathway
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cardiovascular disease
- endothelial cells
- insulin resistance
- cell death
- poor prognosis
- south africa
- blood pressure
- bone marrow
- metabolic syndrome
- pi k akt
- inflammatory response
- nuclear factor
- weight loss
- high glucose