Metabolic Syndrome and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Overview of Exposure and Health Effects.
Elsi HaverinenMariana F FernándezVicente MustielesHanna TolonenPublished in: International journal of environmental research and public health (2021)
Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is causing a significant health burden among the European population. Current knowledge supports the notion that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with human metabolism and hormonal balance, contributing to the conventionally recognized lifestyle-related MetS risk factors. This review aims to identify epidemiological studies focusing on the association between MetS or its individual components (e.g., obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension) and eight HBM4EU priority substances (bisphenol A (BPA), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic and mercury)). Thus far, human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have presented evidence supporting the role of EDC exposures on the development of individual MetS components. The strength of the association varies between the components and EDCs. Current evidence on metabolic disturbances and EDCs is still limited and heterogeneous, and mainly represent studies from North America and Asia, highlighting the need for well-conducted and harmonized HBM programmes among the European population. Rigorous and ongoing HBM in combination with health monitoring can help to identify the most concerning EDC exposures, to guide future risk assessment and policy actions.
Keyphrases
- metabolic syndrome
- heavy metals
- insulin resistance
- risk assessment
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- risk factors
- healthcare
- human health
- public health
- endothelial cells
- health risk assessment
- type diabetes
- drinking water
- mental health
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- uric acid
- case control
- cardiovascular disease
- high fat diet induced
- air pollution
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- blood pressure
- high fat diet
- adipose tissue
- cardiovascular risk factors
- weight loss
- pluripotent stem cells
- health risk
- skeletal muscle
- physical activity
- health information
- high resolution
- health promotion
- mass spectrometry
- current status