The miR159a-PeMYB33 module regulates poplar adventitious rooting through the abscisic acid signal pathway.

As sessile organisms, plants experience variable environments and encounter diverse stresses during their growth and development. Adventitious rooting, orchestrated by multiple coordinated signaling pathways, represents an adaptive strategy evolved by plants to adapt to cope with changing environmental conditions. This study uncovered the role of the miR159a-PeMYB33 module in the formation of adventitious roots (ARs) synergistically with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in poplar. Overexpression of miR159a increased the number of ARs and plant height while reducing sensitivity to ABA in transgenic plants. In contrast, inhibition of miR159a (using Short Tandem Target Mimic) or overexpression of PeMYB33 decreased the number of ARs in transgenic plants. Additionally, miR159a targets and cleaves transcripts of PeMYB33 using degradome analysis, which was further confirmed by a transient expression experiment of poplar protoplast. We show the miR159a-PeMYB33 module controls ARs development in poplar through ABA signaling. In particular, we demonstrated that miR159a promotes the expression of genes in the ABA signaling pathway. The findings from this study shed light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing the development of ARs in poplar plants. The miR159a-PeMYB33 module, in conjunction with ABA signaling, plays a crucial role in modulating AR formation and subsequent plant growth.