Proton pump inhibitors and odds of cholangiocarcinoma: A retrospective case-control study.
Jian Ping XiongYaqin WangWeiyu XuZhisong LiuHaochen WangZhiyuan ZhangYanjing HanChao YinShasha CaoZheran YangTianhao SuJian WeiGuang ChenLong JinPublished in: Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver (2021)
PPI use was correlated with a significant 61% increased odds of CCA, particularly in the ECC. However, the retrospective design and observational nature cannot establish causation. Larger scale, multi-centre prospective studies are required for further validation.