Clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine levels among cigarette smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and nontobacco users.
Zohaib AkramFahim VohraIshfaq A BukhariSaeed A SheikhFawad JavedPublished in: Clinical implant dentistry and related research (2017)
Clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters were compromised among CS and STU as compared to NTU. Increased expression of local proinflammatory cytokines may explain greater susceptibility of CS and STU to peri-implant breakdown.
Keyphrases