PACAP/PAC1 Expression and Function in Micturition Pathways.
Jacqueline OjalaKatharine TookeHarrison HsiangBeatrice M GirardVictor MayMargaret A VizzardPublished in: Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN (2018)
Neural injury, inflammation, or diseases commonly and adversely affect micturition reflex function that is organized by neural circuits in the CNS and PNS. One neuropeptide receptor system, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; Adcyap1), and its cognate receptor, PAC1 (Adcyap1r1), have tissue-specific distributions in the lower urinary tract. PACAP and associated receptors are expressed in the LUT and exhibit changes in expression, distribution, and function in preclinical animal models of bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic, visceral pain syndrome characterized by pain, and LUT dysfunction. Blockade of the PACAP/PAC1 receptor system reduces voiding frequency and somatic (e.g., hindpaw, pelvic) sensitivity in preclinical animal models and a transgenic mouse model that mirrors some clinical symptoms of BPS/IC. The PACAP/receptor system in micturition pathways may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention to reduce LUT dysfunction following urinary bladder inflammation.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- urinary tract
- mouse model
- poor prognosis
- binding protein
- spinal cord injury
- stem cells
- gene expression
- metabolic syndrome
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- dna methylation
- blood brain barrier
- spinal cord
- physical activity
- skeletal muscle
- genome wide
- long non coding rna
- heat shock protein
- climate change
- sleep quality