Effectiveness of tramadol-including multimodal analgesia in spinal surgery: a single-center, retrospective cohort study.
Misa OkizukaRyo InoseSatoshi MakioYuichi MurakiPublished in: Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences (2024)
The introduction of tramadol-including MMA can effectively reduce postoperative pain and decrease the LOS for patients undergoing spinal surgery.