Preliminary Validation of Measures of Experienced, Perceived, and Internalized Stigma Among Adults Who Are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing in the United States and Ghana.

Rachel D StelmachMelissa A StocktonJohn D KraemerMarco S NyarkoElizabeth Troutman AdamsNeal BoafoNana Akua V OwusuKhalida SaalimJoni AlbergBowen TangLawrence G MusaChing-Heng WuEmma GyameraLaura Nyblade

Published in: Ear and hearing (2024)

The scales performed well and appear to provide a valid means of measuring different types of stigma among diverse groups of people who are d/DHH. Future work should refine and validate these scales in additional contexts.

Keyphrases

social support
mental health
mental illness
hiv aids
depressive symptoms
current status
physical activity
hearing loss
hepatitis c virus
human immunodeficiency virus