A Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Targeted Nanoscavenger to Promote Mitophagy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
Zhimin YangHaoyuan ShiGuoen CaiSujun JiangZhiyuan HuZihua WangPublished in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2023)
Mitophagy modulators are proposed as potential therapeutic intervention that enhance neuronal health and brain homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the lack of specific mitophagy inducers, low efficacies, and the severe side effects of nonselective autophagy during AD treatment have hindered their application. In this study, the P@NB nanoscavenger is designed with a reactive-oxygen-species-responsive (ROS-responsive) poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) core and a surface modified with the Beclin1 and angiopoietin-2 peptides. Notably, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) and Beclin1, which act as mitophagy promoters, are quickly released from P@NB in the presence of high ROS levels in lesions to restore mitochondrial homeostasis and induce microglia polarization toward the M2-type, thereby enabling it to phagocytose amyloid-peptide (Aβ). These studies demonstrate that P@NB accelerates Aβ degradation and alleviates excessive inflammatory responses by restoring autophagic flux, which ameliorates cognitive impairment in AD mice. This multitarget strategy induces autophagy/mitophagy through synergy, thereby normalizing mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, the developed method provides a promising AD-therapy strategy.
Keyphrases
- reactive oxygen species
- cell death
- cancer therapy
- nlrp inflammasome
- cognitive impairment
- oxidative stress
- dna damage
- randomized controlled trial
- healthcare
- public health
- drug delivery
- mouse model
- signaling pathway
- stem cells
- inflammatory response
- small molecule
- metabolic syndrome
- body mass index
- risk assessment
- combination therapy
- high fat diet induced
- spinal cord
- mild cognitive impairment
- weight gain
- human health
- cerebral ischemia
- resting state
- case control
- wild type