Spherical nucleic acids: Organized nucleotide aggregates as versatile nanomedicine.
Yangmeihui SongWenyu SongXiaoli LanWeibo CaiDawei JiangPublished in: Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) (2021)
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are composed of a nanoparticle core and a layer of densely arranged oligonucleotide shells. After the first report of SNA by Mirkin and coworkers in 1996, it has created a significant interest by offering new possibilities in the field of gene and drug delivery. The controlled aggregation of oligonucleotides on the surface of organic/inorganic nanoparticles improves the delivery of genes and nucleic acid-based drugs and alters and regulates the biological profiles of the nanoparticle core within living organisms. Here in this review, we present an overview of the recent progress of SNAs that has speeded up their biomedical application and their potential transition to clinical use. We start with introducing the concept and characteristics of SNAs as drug/gene delivery systems and highlight recent efforts of bioengineering SNA by imaging and treatmenting various diseases. Finally, we discuss potential challenges and opportunities of SNAs, their ongoing clinical trials, and future translation, and how they may affect the current landscape of clinical practices. We hope that this review will update our current understanding of SNA, organized oligonucleotide aggregates, for disease diagnosis and treatment.
Keyphrases
- nucleic acid
- clinical trial
- genome wide
- drug delivery
- genome wide identification
- copy number
- primary care
- high resolution
- healthcare
- cancer therapy
- randomized controlled trial
- mass spectrometry
- emergency department
- current status
- single cell
- dna methylation
- transcription factor
- human health
- gene expression
- water soluble
- quality improvement
- iron oxide
- multidrug resistant
- phase ii
- phase iii
- double blind