Hydrophobic Slippery Surface-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection in Food Safety Applications.

Collecting highly diluted target analytes into specific hot spot regions is vital for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. In this work, a hydrophobic slippery platform was employed as a concentrator to construct colloidal SERS-active substrates regardless of the diffusion limits during droplet evaporation. Within only 140 s, sufficient absorption between the analytes and colloidal Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) was observed by fluorescence imaging. This effect resulted in excellent SERS sensitivity and stability. Compared with the common metal colloid-based SERS substrates, e.g., drying on a silicon wafer or detection in colloidal solutions, this preconcentrated method showed lower detection limits and the lowest detection concentration of crystal violet molecule down to 10-12 M with a portable Raman spectrometer. Such high signal enhancement was mainly ascribed to the condensation effect of Au colloids/analytes on the hydrophobic slippery substrate, by which almost all probe molecules were guided into the "hot spot" regions of aggregated Au NPs. Using the SERS platform, various illegal additives in realistic food and health-care products, for example, malachite green (1 ppb) added in fish and morphine (0.1 ppm) added in a chafing dish, could be sensitively detected. Therefore, our protocol is a general SERS platform that may provide a simple, fast, and cost-effective approach for trace molecular sensing.