PD-L1 (SP142) expression in neoplastic cells predicts a poor prognosis for patients with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab-based multi-agent chemotherapy.

The worse prognosis of the PD-L1+ group might be caused by immune evasion mechanisms, which are linked to PD-L1 expression. Therefore, PD-L1+ IVLBCL cases might be regarded as good candidates for targeted immunotherapy. We also highlighted the overlapping features of PD-L1+ IVLBCL and PD-L1+ eDLBCL. This result suggests that they should be regarded as one entity, immune evasion-related extranodal large B-cell lymphoma.