Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. PCOS is diagnosed by the presence of two of the following three characteristics: hyperandrogenemia and/or hyperandrogenism, oligo/amenorrhea, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS is associated with reproductive and non-reproductive complications, including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased blood pressure. There is an urgent need for biomarkers that address both the reproductive and non-reproductive aspects of this complex syndrome. This review focuses on biomarkers, or potential ones, associated with the reproductive and non-reproductive aspects of PCOS, including anthropometric and clinical biomarkers, insulin and the IGF-1 system, lipids, anti-Müllerian hormone and gonadotropins, steroids, inflammatory and renal injury biomarkers, oxidative stress, and non-coding RNAs. We expect that this review will bring some light on the recent updates in the field and encourage researchers to join the exciting and promising field of PCOS biomarkers.
Keyphrases
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- metabolic syndrome
- oxidative stress
- adipose tissue
- high fat diet
- skeletal muscle
- blood pressure
- high fat diet induced
- glycemic control
- cardiovascular disease
- case report
- weight loss
- risk assessment
- cell proliferation
- heart rate
- risk factors
- induced apoptosis
- fatty acid
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- blood glucose
- heat shock protein