Molecular imaging of advanced thyroid cancer: iodinated radiotracers and beyond.
Prasanna SanthanamLilja B SolnesSteven P RowePublished in: Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) (2017)
An important aspect of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) management is disease localization by imaging. Functional imaging of thyroid cancer with iodinated radiotracers has been employed for metastatic disease detection for long. More recently, 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), a non-iodinated ubiquitous PET tracer, has been used to detect non-radioiodine (RAI) avid disease. Advances in molecular imaging have led to the development of newer tracers like 18F-TFB (18F-tetrafluoroborate) that are transported through the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) as well as 68 Ga-DOTATATE that image the somatostatin receptors sub-type 2 expressed in medullary thyroid cancer and some DTC. In coming years, there will be focus on newer receptor targets like prostate-specific membrane antigen expression and endoradiotherapies and theranostics.
Keyphrases
- positron emission tomography
- pet ct
- computed tomography
- pet imaging
- high resolution
- prostate cancer
- small cell lung cancer
- poor prognosis
- deep learning
- blood pressure
- magnetic resonance imaging
- blood glucose
- metabolic syndrome
- photodynamic therapy
- glycemic control
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- neuroendocrine tumors
- insulin resistance
- dual energy
- fluorescence imaging