Phosphate-induced resistance to pathogen infection in Arabidopsis.
Beatriz Val-TorregrosaMireia BundóHéctor Martín-CardosoMarcel Bach-PagesTzyy-Jen ChiouVictor FlorsBlanca San SegundoPublished in: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (2022)
In nature, plants are concurrently exposed to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses. Our understanding of convergence points between responses to combined biotic/abiotic stress pathways remains, however, rudimentary. Here we show that MIR399 overexpression, loss-of-function of PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2), or treatment with high phosphate (Pi) levels is accompanied by an increase in Pi content and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. High Pi plants (e.g., miR399 overexpressors, pho2 mutants, and plants grown under high Pi supply) exhibited resistance to infection by necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens. In the absence of pathogen infection, the expression levels of genes in the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling pathways were higher in high Pi plants compared to wild-type plants grown under control conditions, which is consistent with increased levels of SA and JA in non-infected high Pi plants. During infection, an opposite regulation in the two branches of the JA pathway (ERF1/PDF1.2 and MYC2/VSP2) occurs in high Pi plants. Thus, while pathogen infection induces PDF1.2 expression in miR399 OE and pho2 plants, VSP2 expression is downregulated by pathogen infection in these plants. This study supports the notion that Pi accumulation promotes resistance to infection by fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis, while providing a basis to better understand interactions between Pi signaling and hormonal signaling pathways for modulation of plant immune responses.
Keyphrases
- cell proliferation
- transcription factor
- poor prognosis
- long non coding rna
- reactive oxygen species
- immune response
- arabidopsis thaliana
- candida albicans
- type diabetes
- long noncoding rna
- cell death
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- wild type
- gram negative
- dendritic cells
- multidrug resistant
- skeletal muscle
- genome wide
- inflammatory response
- insulin resistance
- induced apoptosis