Near-Infrared Ratiometric Two-Photon Probe for pH Measurement in Human Stomach Cancer Tissue.
Vinayak JuvekarChang Su LimDong Joon LeeDeuk Hwa SongChoong-Kyun NohHyuk KangSung Jae ShinHwan Myung KimPublished in: ACS applied bio materials (2021)
Stomach cancer is a global health issue because of its incidence and mortality rates worldwide. We developed a near-infrared (NIR) emissive ratiometric two-photon (TP) probe ( HCC1 ) for the quantitative analysis of pH in live cells and human stomach tissues. The probe design is based on a restrained hemicyanine core that controls the intramolecular charge transfer from 2-naphthol, with a suitable p K a value (7.50) under physiological conditions. The probe exhibited improved quantum yield, stability, and TP activity under physiological conditions. In addition, intracellular pH titration (pH 4.0 to 10.0) of HCC1 revealed an ideal intracellular p K a of approximately 7.2, negligible cytotoxicity, and TP excited fluorescence in situ, thereby allowing direct imaging of the cellular pH in live cells and tissues. Ratiometric two-photon microscope imaging with HCC1 of human stomach tissue revealed a clear intratissue pH variation among normal, adenoma, and cancer tissues. Our results demonstrate that HCC1 is useful as an NIR imaging probe for in situ pH-related studies and in cancer research.
Keyphrases
- living cells
- fluorescent probe
- quantum dots
- papillary thyroid
- endothelial cells
- high resolution
- single molecule
- squamous cell
- energy transfer
- induced apoptosis
- global health
- photodynamic therapy
- gene expression
- risk factors
- lymph node metastasis
- public health
- single cell
- pluripotent stem cells
- coronary artery disease
- cardiovascular disease
- hydrogen peroxide
- drug delivery
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- squamous cell carcinoma
- cardiovascular events
- cell proliferation
- mass spectrometry
- reactive oxygen species
- drug release
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- drug induced
- pi k akt