Potential Antioxidative, Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Ghrelin, an Endogenous Peptide from the Stomach in SARS-CoV2 Infection.
Abbas JafariSonia SadeghpourHojat Ghasemnejad-BerenjiSarvin PashapourMorteza Ghasemnejad BerenjiPublished in: International journal of peptide research and therapeutics (2021)
The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The respiratory effects of this disease include acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic inflammation, cytokine storm, and pulmonary fibrosis. Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is a peptide hormone secreted mainly by the stomach. Interestingly, ghrelin possesses promising antioxidant, anti-and inflammatory effects, making it an attractive agent to reduce the complications of the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, ghrelin exerts a wide range of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and can mitigate the uncontrolled cytokine production responsible for acute lung injury by upregulating PPARγ and down-regulating NF-κB expression. Ghrelin has also been reported to enhance Nrf2 expression in inflammatory conditions which led to the suppression of oxidative stress. The current opinion summarizes the evidence for the possible pharmacological benefits of ghrelin in the therapeutic management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keyphrases
- growth hormone
- oxidative stress
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- anti inflammatory
- sars cov
- poor prognosis
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- pulmonary fibrosis
- mechanical ventilation
- dna damage
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- risk factors
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- skeletal muscle
- long non coding rna
- coronavirus disease
- insulin resistance
- cell proliferation
- respiratory failure
- immune response
- fatty acid
- nuclear factor