Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a real-world analysis of a large representative US administrative claims database, 2020-2021.

Certain chronic comorbidities and SLE medications increase the odds of progression to severe COVID-19 among patients with SLE, but vaccination confers significant protection. Vaccine effectiveness may be attenuated by SLE treatments. Protective measures such as pre-exposure prophylaxis and booster vaccines should be encouraged among patients with SLE.