Alternative Options for Skin Cancer Therapy via Regulation of AKT and Related Signaling Pathways.
Sun-Young HwangJung-Il ChaeAh-Won KwakMee-Hyun LeeJung-Hyun ShimPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2020)
Global environmental pollution has led to human exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to the damaged ozone layer, thereby increasing the incidence and death rate of skin cancer including both melanoma and non-melanoma. Overexpression and activation of V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT, also known as protein kinase B) and related signaling pathways are major factors contributing to many cancers including lung cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and skin cancer. Although BRAF inhibitors are used to treat melanoma, further options are needed due to treatment resistance and poor efficacy. Depletion of AKT expression and activation, and related signaling cascades by its inhibitors, decreases the growth of skin cancer and metastasis. Here we have focused the effects of AKT and related signaling (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathways by regulators derived from plants and suggest the need for efficient treatment in skin cancer therapy.
Keyphrases
- skin cancer
- signaling pathway
- cell proliferation
- pi k akt
- risk assessment
- poor prognosis
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- particulate matter
- drug delivery
- risk factors
- protein kinase
- heavy metals
- transcription factor
- human health
- climate change
- drinking water
- mesenchymal stem cells
- air pollution
- pluripotent stem cells
- water quality