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On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe.

Michelle YikChiel MuesIrene Nga-Lam SzePeter KuppensFrancis TuerlinckxKim De RooverFelity H C KwokShalom H SchwartzMaher Abu-HilalDamilola Fisayo AdebayoPilar AguilarMuna Al-BahraniMarc H AndersonLaura AndradeDenis BratkoEkaterina BushinaJeong Won ChoiJan CieciuchVincent DruUwana EversRonald FischerIvonne Andrea FlorezRagna B GarðarsdóttirAikaterini GariSylvie GrafPeter HalamaJamin HalberstadtMagdalena S HalimRenata M HeilmanMartina HřebíčkováJohannes Alfons KarlGoran KneževićMichal KohútMartin KolnesLjiljana B LazarevićNadezhda LebedevaJulie A LeeYoung-Ho LeeChunquan LiuRasmus MannerströmIris MarušićFlorence NansubugaOluyinka OjedokunJoonha ParkTracey PlattRené T ProyerAnu RealoJean-Pierre RollandWillibald RuchDesirée Ruiz-ArandaFlorencia M SortheixAlexander Georg StahlmannAna StojanovWłodzimierz StrusMaya TamirCláudio V TorresAngela TrujilloHa Truong Thi KhanhAkira UtsugiMichele VecchioneLei WangJames A Russell
Published in: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) (2022)
Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question-the focus of the present study-is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment ( N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature-independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship-were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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