Paternal Occupational Exposure to Heavy Metals and Welding Fumes and Testicular Germ Cell Tumours in Sons in France.
Shukrullah AhmadiMargot GuthAstrid CosteLiacine BouaounAurélie DanjouMarie LefevreBrigitte DananchéDelphine PraudMartie J A van TongerenLouis BujanOlivia PérolJoachim SchuzBarbara CharbotelBeatrice FerversAnn Olssonnull The Testis Study GroupPublished in: Cancers (2022)
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men. Its causes are largely unknown, although prenatal occupational and environmental exposures have been suggested. We investigated paternal occupational exposure to heavy metals and welding fumes and the risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in their offspring. A total of 454 cases and 670 controls were included from a French nationwide case-control study. The INTEROCC job exposure matrix was used to assign occupational exposures (cadmium, chromium, iron, nickel, lead, and welding fumes) to the fathers' jobs. Odds ratios (ORs) for TGCT were estimated using conditional logistic regression models for frequency-matched sets. Three complementary analytical approaches were used: (1) single-agent analysis, (2) analysis by groups, and (3) principal component analysis (PCA). The proportion of paternal exposure to different heavy metals and welding fumes ranged from 0.7% (cadmium) to 11.3% (lead). Based on PCA, three principal components explained 93.5% of the cumulative variance. No associations were found between heavy metals or welding fumes and TGCT. In this study, paternal occupational exposure to heavy metals or welding fumes was not associated with TGCT development in their sons.
Keyphrases
- heavy metals
- germ cell
- risk assessment
- health risk assessment
- health risk
- papillary thyroid
- sewage sludge
- air pollution
- human health
- squamous cell
- pregnant women
- middle aged
- squamous cell carcinoma
- high fat diet
- metabolic syndrome
- social support
- adipose tissue
- lymph node metastasis
- cross sectional
- depressive symptoms
- insulin resistance
- childhood cancer
- atomic force microscopy
- drinking water