Theaflavin-3,3'-Digallate Suppresses Human Ovarian Carcinoma OVCAR-3 Cells by Regulating the Checkpoint Kinase 2 and p27 kip1 Pathways.
Ying GaoJunfeng YinYouying TuYi Charlie ChenPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2019)
Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3) is a unique polyphenol in black tea. Epidemiological studies have proved that black tea consumption decreases the incidence rate of ovarian cancer. Our former research demonstrated that TF3 inhibited human ovarian cancer cells. Nevertheless, the roles of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and p27 kip1 (p27) in TF3-mediated inhibition of human ovarian cancer cells have not yet been investigated. In the current study, TF3 enhanced the phosphorylation of Chk2 to modulate the ratio of pro/anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins to initiate intrinsic apoptosis in a p53-independent manner and increased the expression of death receptors to activate extrinsic apoptosis in OVCAR-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells. In addition, TF3 up-regulated the expression of p27 to induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in OVCAR-3 cells. Our study indicated that Chk2 and p27 were vital anticancer targets of TF3 and provided more evidence that TF3 might be a potent agent to be applied as adjuvant treatment for ovarian cancer.
Keyphrases
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- endothelial cells
- pi k akt
- induced apoptosis
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- poor prognosis
- oxidative stress
- dna damage
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- pluripotent stem cells
- signaling pathway
- protein kinase
- long non coding rna
- anti inflammatory
- risk factors
- mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- dna damage response
- binding protein
- single molecule
- high speed