Once upon a Testis: The Tale of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in Testicular Cancers.
Federica CampoloMaria Rita AssenzaMary Anna VenneriFederica BarbagalloPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Phosphodiesterases are key regulators that fine tune the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, given their ability to hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP. They are critical regulators of cAMP/cGMP-mediated signaling pathways, modulating their downstream biological effects such as gene expression, cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation but also inflammation and metabolic function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified and linked to human genetic diseases and PDEs have been demonstrated to play a potential role in predisposition to several tumors, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge and most relevant findings regarding the expression and regulation of PDE families in the testis focusing on PDEs role in testicular cancer development.
Keyphrases
- cell cycle
- cell proliferation
- protein kinase
- germ cell
- gene expression
- binding protein
- signaling pathway
- nitric oxide
- genome wide
- endothelial cells
- pi k akt
- dna methylation
- transcription factor
- papillary thyroid
- oxidative stress
- poor prognosis
- healthcare
- air pollution
- squamous cell
- childhood cancer
- copy number
- squamous cell carcinoma
- pluripotent stem cells
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- reactive oxygen species
- long non coding rna
- lymph node metastasis