The use of biological fluids in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs): Recent advances, challenges and future perspectives.
Laís Canniatti BrazacaAmanda Hikari ImamuraRodrigo Vieira BlasquesJéssica Rocha CamargoBruno Campos JanegitzEmanuel CarrilhoPublished in: Biosensors & bioelectronics (2023)
The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for aiding medical diagnosis is a growing trend in the literature mainly due to their low cost, easy use, simple manufacturing, and great potential for application in low-resource settings. Many important biomarkers (proteins, ions, lipids, hormones, DNA, RNA, drugs, whole cells, and more) and biofluids are available for precise detection and diagnosis. We have reviewed the advances μPADs in medical diagnostics have achieved in the last few years, focusing on the most common human biofluids (whole blood/plasma, sweat, urine, tears, and saliva). The challenges of detecting specific biomarkers in each sample are discussed, along with innovative techniques that overcome such limitations. Finally, the difficulties of commercializing μPADs are considered, and future trends are presented, including wearable devices and integrating multiple steps in a single platform.
Keyphrases
- low cost
- high throughput
- healthcare
- label free
- circulating tumor cells
- induced apoptosis
- single cell
- endothelial cells
- systematic review
- liquid chromatography
- circulating tumor
- cell cycle arrest
- heart rate
- cell free
- quantum dots
- single molecule
- current status
- signaling pathway
- mass spectrometry
- fatty acid
- blood pressure
- pluripotent stem cells
- climate change
- rotator cuff
- drug induced
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- pi k akt