Little to no expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 on most human peripheral blood immune cells but highly expressed on tissue macrophages.
Xiang SongWei HuHaibo YuLaura ZhaoYeqian ZhaoXin ZhaoHai-Hui XueYong ZhaoPublished in: Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology (2020)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) has been recognized as the binding receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Flow cytometry demonstrated that there was little to no expression of ACE2 on most of the human peripheral blood-derived immune cells including CD4+ T, CD8+ T, activated CD4+ /CD8+ T, Tregs, Th17, NKT, B, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. There was no ACE2 expression on platelets and very low level of ACE2 protein expression on the surface of human primary pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. The ACE2 expression was markedly upregulated on the activated type 1 macrophages (M1). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated high expressions of ACE2 on human tissue macrophages, such as alveolar macrophages, Kupffer cells within livers, and microglial cells in brain at steady state. The data suggest that alveolar macrophages, as the frontline immune cells, may be directly targeted by the SARS-CoV-2 infection and therefore need to be considered for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Keyphrases
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- angiotensin ii
- sars cov
- peripheral blood
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- endothelial cells
- poor prognosis
- dendritic cells
- coronavirus disease
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- binding protein
- flow cytometry
- pluripotent stem cells
- immune response
- long non coding rna
- spinal cord injury
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- machine learning
- spinal cord
- multiple sclerosis
- neuropathic pain
- blood brain barrier
- combination therapy
- white matter
- functional connectivity