Organophosphorus Pesticides as Modulating Substances of Inflammation through the Cholinergic Pathway.
Milton Rafael Camacho-PérezCarlos Eduardo Covantes-RosalesGladys Alejandra Toledo-IbarraUlises Mercado-SalgadoMaría Dolores Ponce-RegaladoKarina Janice Guadaluope Díaz-ResendizManuel Ivan Giron-PérezPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widespread insecticides used for pest control in agricultural activities and the control of the vectors of human and animal diseases. However, OPs' neurotoxic mechanism involves cholinergic components, which, beyond being involved in the transmission of neuronal signals, also influence the activity of cytokines and other pro-inflammatory molecules; thus, acute and chronic exposure to OPs may be related to the development of chronic degenerative pathologies and other inflammatory diseases. The present article reviews and discusses the experimental evidence linking inflammatory process with OP-induced cholinergic dysregulation, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms related to the role of cytokines and cellular alterations in humans and other animal models, and possible therapeutic targets to inhibit inflammation.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- drug induced
- risk assessment
- diabetic rats
- liver failure
- climate change
- systematic review
- signaling pathway
- heavy metals
- drinking water
- high glucose
- gas chromatography
- randomized controlled trial
- human health
- mass spectrometry
- respiratory failure
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- brain injury
- pluripotent stem cells
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- gene therapy
- meta analyses
- mechanical ventilation