Results of the randomized phase IIB ADMIRE trial of FCR with or without mitoxantrone in previously untreated CLL.
T MunirD R HowardL McParlandC PocockA C RawstronA HockadayA VargheseM HamblinA BloorA PettittChristopher FeganJ BlundellJ G GribbenD PhillipsP HillmenPublished in: Leukemia (2017)
ADMIRE was a multicenter, randomized-controlled, open, phase IIB superiority trial in previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conventional front-line therapy in fit patients is fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR). Initial evidence from non-randomized phase II trials suggested that the addition of mitoxantrone to FCR (FCM-R) improved remission rates. Two hundred and fifteen patients were recruited to assess the primary end point of complete remission (CR) rates according to International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia criteria. Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate, minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity and safety. At final analysis, CR rates were 69.8 FCR vs 69.3% FCM-R (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.53-1.79), P=0.932). MRD-negativity rates were 59.3 FCR vs 50.5% FCM-R (adjusted OR: 0.70; 95% CI: (0.39-1.26), P=0.231). During treatment, 60.0% (n=129) of participants received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as secondary prophylaxis for neutropenia, a lower proportion on FCR compared with FCM-R (56.1 vs 63.9%). The toxicity of both regimens was acceptable. There are no significant differences between the treatment groups for PFS and OS. The trial demonstrated that the addition of mitoxantrone to FCR did not increase the depth of response. Oral FCR was well tolerated and resulted in impressive responses in terms of CR rates and MRD negativity compared with historical series with intravenous chemotherapy.
Keyphrases
- phase ii
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- phase iii
- open label
- clinical trial
- double blind
- placebo controlled
- end stage renal disease
- free survival
- newly diagnosed
- study protocol
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- prognostic factors
- low dose
- oxidative stress
- randomized controlled trial
- high dose
- squamous cell carcinoma
- radiation therapy
- peritoneal dialysis
- cross sectional
- combination therapy
- optical coherence tomography
- chemotherapy induced