Effectiveness of a Community Pharmacy-Based Health Promotion Program on Hypertension in Bangladesh and Pakistan: Study Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.
Md Mizanur RahmanRyota NakamuraMd Monirul IslamMd Ashraful AlamSyed Khurram AzmatMotohiro SatoPublished in: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
The aim of this multi-country, cluster-randomized trial is to test the impact of pharmacy-based health promotion to reduce the blood pressure of individuals with hypertension over a 12-month period in Bangladesh and Pakistan. The trial will be implemented with two arms. In Bangladesh, the estimated sample size is around 3600 hypertensive patients. In Pakistan, we will select samples equivalent to 10% of the participants from Bangladesh, comprising 360 hypertensive patients from four pharmacies. Community pharmacies will be randomized into one of two parallel groups (allocation ratio 1:1). Pharmacy professionals in the treatment arm will provide their patients with educational training and counseling, as well as phone calls/mobile text messages and care coordination in the health sector, as part of the intervention. The study will be conducted in three phases: a baseline survey with intervention, a midline survey with intervention and follow-up, and an endline survey with impact evaluation. The primary outcome of the study will be BP. The secondary outcomes will be BP controlled to target, treatment adherence, quality of life, mortality or hospital admission rates resulting from hypertension and its related complications, incremental cost per health-related quality of life gained, knowledge on healthy lifestyle and dietary behavior, and change in the prevalence of current smoking status.
Keyphrases
- blood pressure
- hypertensive patients
- health promotion
- healthcare
- randomized controlled trial
- heart rate
- mental health
- study protocol
- risk factors
- cross sectional
- smoking cessation
- phase iii
- tertiary care
- metabolic syndrome
- clinical trial
- systematic review
- open label
- phase ii
- public health
- blood glucose
- emergency department
- cardiovascular disease
- type diabetes
- risk assessment
- skeletal muscle
- insulin resistance
- combination therapy
- health information
- hiv infected
- chronic pain
- pain management
- replacement therapy
- adverse drug
- health insurance