Global and risk-group stratified well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: Results from the international COH-FIT Study.
Marco SolmiTrevor ThompsonAndrés EstradéAgorastos AgorastosJoaquim RaduaSamuele CorteseElena DragiotiDavy VancampfortLau Caspar ThygesenHarald AschauerMonika SchlögelhoferElena AschauerAndres SchneebergerChristian G HuberGregor HaslerPhilippe ConusKim Q Do CuénodRoland von KänelGonzalo ArrondoPaolo Fusar-PoliPhilip GorwoodPierre-Michel LlorcaMarie-Odile KrebsElisabetta ScanferlaTaishiro KishimotoGolam RabbaniKarolina Skonieczna-ŻydeckaPaolo BrambillaAngela FavaroAkihiro TakamiyaLeonardo ZoccanteMarco ColizziJulie BourginKarol KamińskiMaryam MoghadasinSoraya SeedatEvan MatthewsJohn WellsEmilia VassilopoulouAry GadelhaKuan-Pin SuJun Soo KwonMinah KimTae Young LeeOleg PapsuevDenisa MankováAndrea BoscuttiCristiano GerundaDiego SacconElena RighiFrancesco MonacoGiovanni CroattoGuido CeredaJacopo DemurtasNatascia BrondinoNicola VeronesePaolo EnricoPierluigi PolitiValentina CiappolinoAndrea PfennigAndreas BechdolfAndreas Meyer-LindenbergKai G KahlKatharina DomschkeMichael BauerNikolaos KoutsoulerisSibylle WinterStefan BorgwardtIstvan BitterJudit BalazsPál CzoborZsolt UnokaDimitris MavridisKonstantinos TsamakisVasilios P BozikasChavit TunvirachaisakulMichael MaesTeerayuth RungnirundornThitiporn SupasitthumrongAriful HaqueAndre R BrunoniCarlos Gustavo CostardiFelipe Barreto SchuchGuilherme PolanczykJhoanne Merlyn LuizLais FonsecaLuana V AparicioSamira S ValvassoriMerete NordentoftPer VendsborgSofie Have HoffmannJihed SehliNorman SartoriusSabina HeussDaniel GuinartJane HamiltonJohn KaneJose RubioMichael SandAi KoyanagiAleix SolanesAlvaro Andreu-BernabeuAntonia San José CáceresCelso ArangoCovadonga M Díaz-CanejaDiego Hidalgo-MazzeiEduard VietaJavier Gonzalez-PeñasLydia ForteaMara ParelladaMiquel A FullanaNorma VerdoliniEva AndrlíkováKarolina JankůMark J MillanMihaela HonciucAnna Moniuszko-MalinowskaIgor ŁoniewskiJerzy SamochowiecŁukasz KiszkielMaria MarliczPaweł SowaWojciech MarliczGeorgina SpiesBrendon StubbsJoseph FirthSarah SullivanAsli Enez DarcinHatice AksuNesrin DilbazOnur NoyanMomoko KitazawaShunya KurokawaYuki TazawaAlejandro AnselmiCecilia CraccoAna Inés MachadoNatalia EstradeDiego De LeoJackie CurtisMichael BerkAndre F CarvalhoPhilip WardScott TeasdaleSimon RosenbaumWolfgang MarxAdrian Vasile HorodnicLiviu OpreaOvidiu AlexinschiPetru IfteniSerban TurliucTudor CiuhodaruAlexandra BolosValentin MateiDorien H NiemanIris SommerJim van OsTherese van AmelsvoortChing-Fang SunTa-Wei GuuCan JiaoJieting ZhangJialin FanLiye ZouXin YuXinli ChiPhilippe de TimaryRuud van WinkelBernardo NgEdilberto Peña de LeónRamon ArellanoRaquel RomanThelma SanchezLarisa MovinaPedro MorgadoSofia BrissosOleg AizbergAnna MosinaDamir KrinitskiJames MugishaDena Sadeghi-BahmaniFarshad SheybaniMasoud SadeghiSamira HadiSerge BrandAntonia ErrazurizNicolas CrossleyDragana Ignjatovic RisticCarlos López-JaramilloDimitris EfthymiouPraveenlal KuttichiraRoy Abraham KallivayalilAfzal JavedMuhammad Iqbal AfridiBawo JamesOmonefe Joy Seb-AkahomenJess FiedorowiczJeff DaskalakisLakshmi N YathamLin YangTarek OkashaAïcha DahdouhJari TiihonenJae Il ShinJinhee LeeAhmed MhallaLotfi GahaTakoua BrahimKuanysh AltynbekovNikolay NegaySaltanat NurmagambetovaYasser Abu JameiMark WeiserChristoph U CorrellPublished in: Psychiatry research (2024)
International studies measuring wellbeing/multidimensional mental health before/ during the COVID-19 pandemic, including representative samples for >2 years, identifying risk groups and coping strategies are lacking. COH-FIT is an online, international, anonymous survey measuring changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-score, and their associations with COVID-19 deaths/restrictions, 12 a-priori defined risk individual/cumulative factors, and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic (26/04/2020-26/06/2022) in 30 languages (representative, weighted non-representative, adults). T-test, χ 2 , penalized cubic splines, linear regression, correlation analyses were conducted. Analyzing 121,066/142,364 initiated surveys, WHO-5/P-score worsened intra-pandemic by 11.1±21.1/13.2±17.9 points (effect size d=0.50/0.60) (comparable results in representative/weighted non-probability samples). Persons with WHO-5 scores indicative of depression screening (<50, 13% to 32%) and major depression (<29, 3% to 12%) significantly increased. WHO-5 worsened from those with mental disorders, female sex, COVID-19-related loss, low-income country location, physical disorders, healthcare worker occupations, large city location, COVID-19 infection, unemployment, first-generation immigration, to age=18-29 with a cumulative effect. Similar findings emerged for P-score. Changes were significantly but minimally related to COVID-19 deaths, returning to near-pre-pandemic values after >2 years. The most subjectively effective coping strategies were exercise and walking, internet use, social contacts. Identified risk groups, coping strategies and outcome trajectories can inform global public health strategies.