Gut-brain communication in COVID-19: molecular mechanisms, mediators, biomarkers, and therapeutics.
Tameena WaisMehde HasanVikrant RaiDevendra K AgrawalPublished in: Expert review of clinical immunology (2022)
Altered gut microbiota cause increased expression of various mediators, including zonulin causing disruption of tight junction. This stimulates enteric nervous system and signals to CNS precipitating neurological sequalae. Published reports suggest potential role of cytokines, immune cells, B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19), ACE2, TMRSS2, TMPRSS4, IFN-γ, IL-17A, zonulin, and altered gut microbiome in gut-brain axis and associated neurological sequalae. Targeting these mediators and gut microbiome to improve immunity will be of therapeutic significance. In-depth research and well-designed large-scale population-based clinical trials with multidisciplinary and collaborative approaches are warranted. Investigating the temporal relationship between organs involved in long-term sequalae is critical due to evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- cerebral ischemia
- blood brain barrier
- clinical trial
- resting state
- white matter
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- coronavirus disease
- quality improvement
- poor prognosis
- functional connectivity
- angiotensin ii
- cancer therapy
- small molecule
- randomized controlled trial
- dendritic cells
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- systematic review
- binding protein
- gene expression
- optical coherence tomography
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- human health
- risk assessment
- brain injury
- meta analyses