Apolipoprotein E Is Upregulated in Blood and Circulating Monocytes of Indian Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Gulafsha KausarShashi Bhushan ChauhanRitirupa RoyShashi KumarChristian EngwerdaSusanne NylenRajiv KumarMary Edythe WilsonShyam SundarPublished in: Parasite immunology (2024)
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been associated with several diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis. ApoE also has documented immunomodulatory functions. We investigated gene expression in circulating monocytes and in bone marrows of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) living in an endemic area in Bihar, India, and contrasted these with control healthy subjects or other diagnostic bone marrows from individuals in the same region. Samples from VL patients were obtained prior to initiating treatment. Our study revealed significant upregulated expression of the apoE transcript in patients with VL. Furthermore, the levels of ApoE protein were elevated in serum samples of subjects with VL compared with healthy endemic controls. These observations may provide clues regarding the complex interactions between lipid metabolism and immunoregulation of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Keyphrases
- cognitive decline
- high fat diet
- gene expression
- multiple sclerosis
- end stage renal disease
- mild cognitive impairment
- bone mineral density
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- poor prognosis
- dna methylation
- prognostic factors
- dendritic cells
- soft tissue
- binding protein
- adipose tissue
- oxidative stress
- postmenopausal women
- insulin resistance
- fatty acid
- patient reported outcomes
- high resolution
- immune response
- protein protein
- rna seq
- smoking cessation
- mass spectrometry
- atomic force microscopy
- combination therapy
- long non coding rna