Prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate prevalence rates (PRs) of neurocognitive impairment and its potential moderators among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method A systematic review of the available literature and data extraction was undertaken on 6 August 2021, with the update by 14 September 2023, by two reviewers independently. Literature was screened for reported rates of prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in RA patients. The meta-analysis was performed using RStudio with the "meta" library. Results Twenty-two studies that fulfilled all selection criteria were carefully analyzed. The PR of neurocognitive impairment was 0.49 [0.38-0.61] across all studies included in the review; 0.75 [0.54-0.88] for the MoCA; 0.56 [0.40-0.72] for the MMSE; and 0.26 [0.16-0.38] for comprehensive batteries. The meta-regression results indicated that, depending on the measurement method, the percentage of subjects with positive rheumatoid factor, women ratio, mean age of participants, mean duration of RA, and percentage of domains that had to be impaired to diagnose neurocognitive impairment turned out to be statistically significant moderators. Conclusions Neurocognitive impairment is a clinically relevant condition in many RA patients, and its prevalence is alarming high.