Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Nik Yusnoraini YusofNur Iffah Izzati NorazzmanNur Fatihah Mohd ZaidiMawaddah Mohd AzlanBasyirah GhazaliMohamad Ahmad NajibAbdul Hafiz Abdul MalikMohamad Aideil Helmy Abdul HalimMuhammad Nor Syamim Mohd SanusiAnnur Ashyqin ZainalIsmail AziahPublished in: Tropical medicine and infectious disease (2022)
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S. Typhi) that has developed resistance to many antimicrobials poses a serious challenge to public health. Hence, this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. Typhi isolated from the environment and humans as well as to ascertain the spread of the selected AMR genes in S. Typhi. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of 2353 studies were retrieved from three databases, of which 42 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of AMR S. Typhi (using a random-effect model) was estimated at 84.8% (95% CI; 77.3-90.2), with high heterogeneity ( I 2 : 95.35%, p -value < 0.001). The high estimated prevalence indicates that control methods should be improved immediately to prevent the spread of AMR among S. Typhi internationally.