From biology to clinical practice: antiproliferative effects of somatostatin analogs in neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Philipp MelhornPeter MazalLadislaia WolffElisabeth Kretschmer-ChottMarkus RadererBarbara KiesewetterPublished in: Therapeutic advances in medical oncology (2024)
Somatostatin analogs (SSA), specifically octreotide and lanreotide, have demonstrated antiproliferative effects in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET), a group of rare malignancies of diverse origin and presentation. A prominent feature of NET cells is the expression of G protein-coupled receptors called somatostatin receptors (SSTR). Although these SSTR are not uniformly present in NET, they can be instrumental in the diagnosis and treatment of NET. Apart from their application in nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy, SSA have proven invaluable in the treatment of hormonal syndromes associated with certain NET (antisecretory effects of SSA), but it took more than two decades to convincingly demonstrate the antiproliferative effects of SSA in metastatic NET with the two pivotal studies PROMID and CLARINET. The current review summarizes three decades of SSA treatment and provides an overview of the clinical trial landscape for SSA monotherapy and combination therapy, including clinical implications and quality of life aspects, as well as ongoing fields of research.
Keyphrases
- neuroendocrine tumors
- combination therapy
- clinical trial
- clinical practice
- squamous cell carcinoma
- small cell lung cancer
- high resolution
- poor prognosis
- machine learning
- type diabetes
- stem cells
- molecular docking
- randomized controlled trial
- metabolic syndrome
- study protocol
- adipose tissue
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell proliferation
- long non coding rna
- cell therapy
- case report
- smoking cessation
- phase iii