Dietary Intervention with Whey Protein Concentrate Does Not Affect Toll-like Receptor Responses and Gene Expression Patterns in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Healthy Volunteers.
Mojtaba PorbahaieLaurien H UlfmanAndrei ProdanMalgorzata TeodorowiczJoyce E L SchloesserHuub F J SavelkoulAlwine F M KardinaalR J Joost van NeervenPublished in: Nutrients (2024)
Bovine milk contains bioactive proteins, carbohydrates, and phospholipids with immunomodulatory properties impacting human immunity, potentially contributing to resistance to infections and allergies through diverse mechanisms. One such mechanism is the enhancing of the innate immune response to secondary pathogen-related stimuli, termed innate immune training. Although in vitro studies demonstrate that milk immunoglobulin G (IgG) can train human monocytes, evidence for in vivo immune training is limited. To explore the potential of bovine IgG for inducing innate immune training in vivo , this human study utilized an IgG-rich whey protein concentrate (WPC). Healthy male volunteers were assigned to a high dose WPC, low dose WPC, or placebo group. Blood was collected pre- and post-two weeks of WPC consumption. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stimulated with TLR ligands, evaluating IL-6 and TNF-α production by monocytes, myeloid DCs, and plasmacytoid DCs. Additionally, RNA was isolated for differential gene expression (DGE) analysis. Results indicated that the two-week WPC intervention did not influence the ex vivo response of studied cells to TLR agonists. Furthermore, PBMC gene expression patterns showed no significant differences between the placebo and high dose WPC groups. The data suggests that oral WPC ingestion did not enhance immune responses in young, healthy male participants.
Keyphrases
- innate immune
- toll like receptor
- gene expression
- high dose
- dendritic cells
- immune response
- low dose
- endothelial cells
- inflammatory response
- dna methylation
- nuclear factor
- randomized controlled trial
- pluripotent stem cells
- rheumatoid arthritis
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- machine learning
- peripheral blood
- bone marrow
- protein protein
- big data
- cell proliferation
- risk assessment
- open label
- study protocol
- binding protein
- amino acid
- artificial intelligence
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- small molecule
- human health
- phase iii
- tissue engineering
- solid state
- candida albicans