Targeted therapies in pancreatic cancer: Promises and failures.
Matineh Barati BagherabadFahimeh AfzaljavanSoodabeh ShahidSalesSeyed Mahdi HassanianSoodabeh ShahidsalesPublished in: Journal of cellular biochemistry (2018)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incidence rate nearly equal to its mortality rate. The poor prognosis of the disease can be explained by the absence of effective biomarkers for screening and early detection, together with the aggressive behavior and resistance to the currently available chemotherapy. The therapeutic failure can also be attributed to the inter-/intratumor genetic heterogeneity and the abundance of tumor stroma that occupies the majority of the tumor mass. Gemcitabine is used in the treatment of PDAC; however, the response rate is less than 12%. A recent phase III trial revealed that the combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin could be an option for the treatment of metastatic PDAC patients with good performance status, although these approaches can result in high toxicity level. Further investigations are required to develop innovative anticancer agents that either improve gemcitabine activity, within novel combinatorial approaches or acts with a better efficacy than gemcitabine. The aim of the current review is to give an overview of preclinical and clinical studies targeting key dysregulated signaling pathways in PDAC.
Keyphrases
- phase iii
- poor prognosis
- locally advanced
- clinical trial
- long non coding rna
- open label
- squamous cell carcinoma
- phase ii
- small cell lung cancer
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- randomized controlled trial
- oxidative stress
- stem cells
- study protocol
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- cell proliferation
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- coronary artery disease
- cancer therapy
- rectal cancer
- drug delivery
- microbial community