Activating Effects of Phenolics from Apache Red Zea mays L. on Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 and Glucokinase Evaluated with a Dual Culture System with Epithelial, Pancreatic, and Liver Cells.
Diego A Luna-VitalLaura ChathamJohn A JuvikVijay SinghPavel SomavatElvira Gonzalez de MejiaPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2019)
The aim was to characterize a phenolic-rich water extract from the pericarp of an improved genotype of Apache red maize (RPE) and evaluate its ability to activate the type 2 diabetes markers free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40) and glucokinase (GK) in vitro. The extract contained mainly phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and other flavonoids. RPE inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 88.3 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 169.3 μg/mL), and reduced glucose transport in a Caco-2 cell monolayer (up to 25%). Furthermore, RPE activated GPR40 (EC50 = 77.7 μg/mL) in pancreatic INS-1E cells and GK (EC50 = 43.4 μg/mL) in liver HepG2 cells, potentially through allosteric modulation. RPE activated GPR40-related insulin secretory pathway and activated the glucose metabolism regulator AMPK (up to 78%). Our results support the hypothesis that foods with a high concentration of anthocyanins and phenolic acids, such as in the selected variety of maize used, could ameliorate obesity and type 2 diabetes comorbidities.
Keyphrases
- fatty acid
- type diabetes
- induced apoptosis
- glycemic control
- cell cycle arrest
- insulin resistance
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- cardiovascular disease
- small molecule
- metabolic syndrome
- single cell
- weight loss
- binding protein
- stem cells
- blood pressure
- cell therapy
- pi k akt
- mesenchymal stem cells
- bone marrow
- molecular docking
- cell proliferation
- high fat diet induced