Multimycotoxin Exposure Assessment in UK Children Using Urinary Biomarkers-A Pilot Survey.
Silvia W GratzValerie CurrieGary DuncanDiane JacksonPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2019)
Cereal foods are commonly contaminated with multiple mycotoxins resulting in frequent human mycotoxin exposure. Children are at risk of high-level exposure because of their high cereal intake relative to body weight. Hence, this study aims to assess multimycotoxin exposure in UK children using urinary biomarkers. Spot urines (n = 21) were analyzed for multimycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, DON; nivalenol, NIV; ochratoxin A, OTA; zearalenone, ZEN; α-zearalenol, α-ZEL; β-zearalenol, β-ZEL; T-2 toxin, T-2; HT-2 toxin, HT-2; and aflatoxin B1 and M1, AFB1, AFM1) using liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Urine samples frequently contained DON (13.10 ± 12.69 ng/mL), NIV (0.36 ± 0.16 ng/mL), OTA (0.05 ± 0.02 ng/mL), and ZEN (0.09 ± 0.07 ng/mL). Some samples (1-3) contained T-2, HT-2, α-ZEL, and β-ZEL but not aflatoxins. Dietary mycotoxin estimation showed that children were frequently exposed to levels exceeding the tolerable daily intake (52 and 95% of cases for DON and OTA). This demonstrates that UK children are exposed to multiple mycotoxins through their habitual diet.
Keyphrases
- young adults
- tandem mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- escherichia coli
- mass spectrometry
- physical activity
- cross sectional
- endothelial cells
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- clinical trial
- high performance liquid chromatography
- randomized controlled trial
- gas chromatography
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- weight gain
- study protocol
- solid phase extraction
- high speed
- double blind