Poor prognosis is a distinctive feature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Chemotherapy has long represented the main and unique treatment for patients with TNBC. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were investigated in several clinical trials and were approved for clinical use in TNBC patients that express programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line setting. ICIs are also being investigated in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings for TNBC. This chapter aims to discuss different ICIs used to treat all TNBC stages to date.
Keyphrases
- poor prognosis
- locally advanced
- clinical trial
- long non coding rna
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- rectal cancer
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- early stage
- lymph node
- atomic force microscopy
- peritoneal dialysis
- prognostic factors
- randomized controlled trial
- squamous cell carcinoma
- binding protein
- patient reported outcomes
- small molecule
- mass spectrometry
- open label
- phase iii