Whey Derivatives and Galactooligosaccharides Stimulate the Wound Healing and the Function of Human Keratinocytes through the NF-kB and FOXO-1 Signaling Pathways.
Loredana BergandiTania FluttoSabina ValentiniLaura ThedyRita PramottonSimona ZenatoFrancesca SilvagnoPublished in: Nutrients (2022)
Skin repair requires the activation of keratinocytes and is mediated by controlled inflammation and cell migration and proliferation, ending with the regeneration of well-differentiated cell layers. Whey derivatives contain galactooligosaccharides (GOS), which have potential beneficial effects on wound healing due to their activity as toll-like receptor ligands, although their direct nonprebiotic effects in the skin have not yet been described. In this study, we investigated the effects of different whey-derived products and purified GOS on a human keratinocyte cell line. We found that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) was upregulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling triggered by whey derivatives and GOS and that wound healing was accelerated by promoting cell migration and the loss of E-cadherin in the absence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, the treatments enhanced the mitochondrial function in association with the translocation of the Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO-1) transcription factor. Finally, we detected the increased expression of the differentiation markers induced by GOS and whey derivatives. All together, our results show that GOS-containing products can promote wound closure and skin health by direct activity on keratinocyte functions. Among the preparations tested, the fermented compound produced by autochthonous microorganisms was the most active in modulating keratinocyte activity, supporting the biological value of whey derivatives for health.
Keyphrases
- wound healing
- nuclear factor
- toll like receptor
- cell migration
- signaling pathway
- transcription factor
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- pi k akt
- endothelial cells
- inflammatory response
- healthcare
- oxidative stress
- structure activity relationship
- public health
- mental health
- human health
- poor prognosis
- pluripotent stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- stem cells
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- dna binding
- transforming growth factor
- cell proliferation
- mass spectrometry
- binding protein
- mesenchymal stem cells
- health promotion
- single cell