Promising Antiviral Activity of Agrimonia pilosa Phytochemicals against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Supported with In Vivo Mice Study.
Nashwah G M AttallahAya Hassan El-KademWalaa A NegmEngy ElekhnawyThanaa A El-MasryElshaymaa I ElmongyNajla A AltwaijryAshwag S AlanaziGadah Abdulaziz Al-HamoudAmany Elsayed RagabPublished in: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
The global emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has focused the entire world's attention toward searching for a potential remedy for this disease. Thus, we investigated the antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa ethanol extract (APEE) against SARS-CoV-2 and it exhibited a potent antiviral activity with IC 50 of 1.1 ± 0.03 µg/mL. Its mechanism of action was elucidated, and it exhibited a virucidal activity and an inhibition of viral adsorption. Moreover, it presented an immunomodulatory activity as it decreased the upregulation of gene expression of COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical fingerprint of APEE was conducted using LC-ESI-MS/MS technique for the first time. We detected 81 compounds and most of them belong to the flavonoid and coumarin classes. Interestingly, isoflavonoids, procyanidins, and anthocyanins were detected for the first time in A . pilosa . Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evidenced in DPPH (IC 50 62.80 µg/mL) and ABTS (201.49 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/mg) radical scavenging, FRAP (60.84 mg TE/mg), and ORAC (306.54 mg TE/g) assays. Furthermore, the protective effect of APEE was investigated in Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Lung W/D ratio, serum IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, HO-1, Caspase-1, caspase-3, TLR-4 expression, TAC, NO, MPO activity, and histopathological examination of lung tissues were assessed. APEE induced a marked downregulation in all inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis markers, and TLR-4 expression. In addition, it alleviated all histopathological abnormalities confirming the beneficial effects of APEE in ALI. Therefore, APEE could be a potential source for therapeutic compounds that could be investigated, in future preclinical and clinical trials, in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
Keyphrases
- lps induced
- sars cov
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- inflammatory response
- oxidative stress
- gene expression
- ms ms
- poor prognosis
- clinical trial
- induced apoptosis
- cell death
- rheumatoid arthritis
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- signaling pathway
- coronavirus disease
- randomized controlled trial
- diabetic rats
- type diabetes
- endothelial cells
- dna damage
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- high resolution
- long non coding rna
- bone marrow
- risk assessment
- study protocol
- nitric oxide synthase
- insulin resistance
- cell therapy
- nitric oxide
- open label
- heat stress
- solid phase extraction