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α-CAs from Photosynthetic Organisms.

Emma LangellaAnna Di FioreVincenzo AlterioSimona Maria MontiGiuseppina De SimoneKatia D'Ambrosio
Published in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible carbon dioxide hydration reaction. Among the eight different CA classes existing in nature, the α-class is the largest one being present in animals, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and photosynthetic organisms. Although many studies have been reported on these enzymes, few functional, biochemical, and structural data are currently available on α-CAs isolated from photosynthetic organisms. Here, we give an overview of the most recent literature on the topic. In higher plants, these enzymes are engaged in both supplying CO 2 at the Rubisco and determining proton concentration in PSII membranes, while in algae and cyanobacteria they are involved in carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM), photosynthetic reactions and in detecting or signaling changes in the CO 2 level in the environment. Crystal structures are only available for three algal α-CAs, thus not allowing to associate specific structural features to cellular localizations or physiological roles. Therefore, further studies on α-CAs from photosynthetic organisms are strongly needed to provide insights into their structure-function relationship.
Keyphrases
  • crispr cas
  • genome editing
  • carbon dioxide
  • gram negative
  • multidrug resistant
  • electron transfer
  • case control
  • machine learning
  • big data
  • deep learning
  • data analysis