Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Versatile Tool for Cancer Therapy.
Banendu Sunder DashGils JoseYu-Jen LuJyh-Ping ChenPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human history with extremely poor prognosis. Although many traditional therapeutic modalities-such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy-have proved to be successful in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, their side effects may vastly limited the actual benefits and patient acceptance. In this context, a nanomedicine approach for cancer therapy using functionalized nanomaterial has been gaining ground recently. Considering the ability to carry various anticancer drugs and to act as a photothermal agent, the use of carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy has advanced rapidly. Within those nanomaterials, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a graphene family 2D carbon nanomaterial, emerged as a good candidate for cancer photothermal therapy due to its excellent photothermal conversion in the near infrared range, large specific surface area for drug loading, as well as functional groups for functionalization with molecules such as photosensitizers, siRNA, ligands, etc. By unique design, multifunctional nanosystems could be designed based on rGO, which are endowed with promising temperature/pH-dependent drug/gene delivery abilities for multimodal cancer therapy. This could be further augmented by additional advantages offered by functionalized rGO, such as high biocompatibility, targeted delivery, and enhanced photothermal effects. Herewith, we first provide an overview of the most effective reducing agents for rGO synthesis via chemical reduction. This was followed by in-depth review of application of functionalized rGO in different cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photothermal therapy and/or photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, chemotherapy/phototherapy, and photothermal/immunotherapy.
Keyphrases
- cancer therapy
- reduced graphene oxide
- photodynamic therapy
- poor prognosis
- drug delivery
- gold nanoparticles
- quantum dots
- gene therapy
- locally advanced
- papillary thyroid
- radiation therapy
- long non coding rna
- molecularly imprinted
- squamous cell
- endothelial cells
- minimally invasive
- fluorescence imaging
- drug release
- squamous cell carcinoma
- chemotherapy induced
- signaling pathway
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- optical coherence tomography
- pluripotent stem cells
- room temperature
- adverse drug
- coronary artery bypass
- lymph node metastasis
- young adults
- acute coronary syndrome
- chronic pain
- ionic liquid