Plant Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Health: A Review.
Iram IqbalPolrat WilairatanaFatima SaqibBushra NasirMuqeet WahidMuhammad Farhaj LatifAhmar IqbalRabia NazMohammad S MubarakPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Fruits, vegetables, and other food items contain phytochemicals or secondary metabolites which may be considered non-essential nutrients but have medicinal importance. These dietary phytochemicals exhibit chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against numerous diseases. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in vegetables, fruits, and grains. These compounds exhibit several health benefits such as immune modulators, vasodilators, and antioxidants. This review focuses on recent studies on using dietary polyphenols to treat cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, and vascular endothelium deficits. We focus on exploring the safety of highly effective polyphenols to ensure their maximum impact on cardiac abnormalities and discuss recent epidemiological evidence and intervention trials related to these properties. Kaempferol, quercetin, and resveratrol prevent oxidative stress by regulating proteins that induce oxidation in heart tissues. In addition, polyphenols modulate the tone of the endothelium of vessels by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation to prevent atherosclerosis. In cardiomyocytes, polyphenols suppress the expression of inflammatory markers and inhibit the production of inflammation markers to exert an anti-inflammatory response. Consequently, heart diseases such as strokes, hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease could be prevented by dietary polyphenols.
Keyphrases
- nitric oxide
- heart failure
- oxidative stress
- inflammatory response
- low density lipoprotein
- human health
- cardiovascular disease
- hydrogen peroxide
- randomized controlled trial
- blood pressure
- healthcare
- traumatic brain injury
- ms ms
- gene expression
- poor prognosis
- public health
- left ventricular
- atrial fibrillation
- mental health
- small molecule
- risk assessment
- dna damage
- health information
- acute heart failure
- diabetic rats
- visible light
- drinking water
- arterial hypertension